CPAP: the complete guide to understanding, choosing and getting equipped

CPAP (also known as PPC in French) is a device that delivers airflow to help keep your airways open during the night. In this guide, you’ll learn how it works, the difference between CPAP, Auto-CPAP (APAP) and BiPAP, and how to choose a CPAP device (PPC) that fits your needs (comfort, noise, humidification, maintenance, travel).

View CPAP devices · View CPAP masks · View CPAP accessories

This guide is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. For indications (CPAP/Auto-CPAP/BiPAP) and pressure settings, please consult your doctor or sleep clinic.

Table of contents

CPAP: definition (PPC)

CPAP stands for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. In French, it’s often referred to as PPC (“Pression Positive Continue”). The device delivers pressurised airflow through a tube and a mask. Comfort depends on the combination of these elements (device + tube + mask) and, above all, on the mask seal.

A CPAP device typically delivers room air (no added oxygen). If supplemental oxygen is required, a separate oxygen system may be connected based on prescription. To explore available models, see our selection of CPAP devices (PPC).

How does a CPAP work?

While you sleep, CPAP delivers pressurised airflow through the mask. This pressure helps keep the upper airway open. If you’re looking for the biggest comfort lever, start by choosing a well-fitting CPAP mask, then optimise your accessories.

  • Device: generates and regulates pressure.
  • Tubing: carries airflow to the mask (sometimes heated).
  • Mask: the interface (nasal, full face, nasal pillows).
  • Humidification (optional): can improve comfort if you experience dryness/irritation.

To compare options: view CPAP/PPC devices and CPAP accessories (humidification, tubing, filters, replacement parts).

Auto-CPAP (APAP): what is it and who is it for?

An Auto-CPAP (APAP) automatically adjusts pressure throughout the night, based on detected breathing events. This can improve comfort for some people, especially when pressure needs vary with sleep position or across different stages of sleep.

  • Pressure adjusts automatically (within a range set according to medical indication).
  • Often perceived as more comfortable by some users.
  • A well-chosen CPAP mask helps reduce leaks and noise.

BiPAP: what’s the difference vs CPAP?

BiPAP (bilevel) delivers two pressure levels: a higher pressure when you inhale and a lower pressure when you exhale. It is generally used for specific indications. Your sleep clinic will guide you to the most suitable option.

How to choose a CPAP (simple checklist)

The best choice is a device that fits your therapy and your daily life. Here are the criteria that make the biggest difference when comparing models in the CPAP/PPC devices category.

1) Device type

  • CPAP (fixed pressure): stable pressure.
  • Auto-CPAP (APAP): pressure adjusts automatically.
  • BiPAP: two pressure levels (specific cases).

2) Comfort

3) Perceived noise

  • Noise is often caused by leaks: prioritise a well-fitting CPAP mask.
  • Replacement parts and consumables are available in CPAP accessories.

4) Travel / mobility

  • If you travel often, organisation matters as much as the device (see flying with a CPAP).

CPAP mask: how to choose

A good mask is comfortable, leak-resistant, and suited to your breathing (nose/mouth), sleep position, and sensitivity. Browse our selection of CPAP masks.

Full face mask

  • Often chosen if mouth breathing is frequent.
  • Watch-outs: sealing around the bridge of the nose and cheeks.

Nasal mask

  • A great comfort/seal balance for many users.
  • Watch-outs: nasal congestion (see humidification).

Nasal pillows mask

  • Light and minimal—useful if you feel “closed in”.
  • Watch-outs: pillow size and nasal sensitivity.

Need replacement parts (cushion, headgear, elbow, tubing)? See CPAP accessories.

Humidification: water, dryness and comfort

Heated humidification can improve comfort (dry mouth, nasal irritation), especially when indoor air is dry or if you’re congested. Water chambers, heated tubing and compatible parts can be found in CPAP accessories.

Can you use a CPAP without water?

Yes—humidification is often optional. If you experience dryness, irritation or a blocked nose, a humidifier (and sometimes heated tubing) can improve comfort. (Optional) Read more: which water to use for your CPAP humidifier.

CPAP noise / whistling: what should you check first?

Perceived noise is often caused by a leak (worn cushion, loose headgear, wrong size) or a connection issue (tubing/elbow). Before switching devices, check your CPAP mask and worn parts in CPAP accessories.

CPAP maintenance: cleaning & filters

Regular maintenance improves hygiene and can help reduce discomfort (odours, irritation, leaks). For consumables, see CPAP accessories (filters, tubing, parts, humidification).

Cleaning basics

  • Mask: gentle, regular cleaning (per manufacturer instructions).
  • Tubing: periodic cleaning + thorough drying.
  • Water chamber: rinse and clean as recommended.

When should you replace filters and consumables?

Timing depends on the model and your environment. A clogged filter can reduce comfort. If leaks increase despite proper fitting, replacing the cushion/headgear may be necessary.

Travel: flying with a CPAP (essentials)

Many users travel with their CPAP. Think about the travel bag, adapters/power supply, and your airline’s rules if you plan to use it on board. For more details: flying with a CPAP (complete guide).

To prepare your kit (filters, tubing, spare parts), see CPAP accessories.

Price, buying & Belgium: what you should know

The price of a CPAP depends on the device type, comfort features and accessories (mask, tubing, filters). To compare: CPAP/PPC devices, then CPAP masks and CPAP accessories.

For Belgium-specific reimbursement/convention info, it’s best covered on a dedicated page: CPAP convention in Belgium.

CPAP FAQ

What is CPAP and how does it work (in simple terms)?

CPAP delivers pressurised airflow through a mask to help keep your upper airway open during sleep. Comfort depends largely on the mask and seal: a well-fitting CPAP mask and well-maintained parts often make the biggest difference.

What’s the difference between CPAP, Auto-CPAP (APAP) and BiPAP?

CPAP delivers continuous pressure. Auto-CPAP adjusts pressure automatically during the night. BiPAP provides two pressure levels (inhale/exhale) and is used for specific indications. Your sleep clinic will guide you to the best option for your situation.

I can’t sleep with my CPAP—what should I try first?

Start with the mask: type, size and fit. Then review humidification, ramp settings and leaks. If needed, explore other options in CPAP masks.

My CPAP is noisy or whistles—what could be causing it?

Noise is often caused by a leak (worn cushion, loose headgear, poor fit) or a connection issue (tubing/elbow). Check the circuit and replace worn parts via CPAP accessories.

Can you use a CPAP without a humidifier (without water)?

Yes—humidification is often optional. If you experience dry mouth, irritation or congestion, a humidifier and/or heated tube can improve comfort. (Optional) Read more: which water to use for your CPAP humidifier.

How do you maintain a CPAP (cleaning + filters)?

Follow manufacturer instructions: gentle mask cleaning, periodic tubing cleaning with full drying, and appropriate water chamber care. Filters and consumables can be found in our CPAP accessories section.

How can I travel with a CPAP without issues?

Use the travel bag, bring adapters, keep a prescription/letter if useful, and check airline rules if you plan to use it onboard. Full details here: flying with a CPAP (complete guide).

Ready to get equipped?

Browse our selection of CPAP/PPC devices, choose a comfortable CPAP mask, and complete your setup with essential CPAP accessories (filters, tubing, replacement parts, humidification).

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